[스크랩] 원형 부정사

원형 부정사  

              

- 지각 동사나 사역 동사 다음엔 to가 생략되고 동사 원형만이 오는데 이를  원형 부정사라 한다.

 

1. 지각동사

1) see, watch, behold, observe, notice, hear, feel, listen to, look at, smell, perceive

지각 동사 + 목적어 + 목적격보어 (원형 부정사).

지각동사가 수동형으로 쓰이면 to 부정사로 바뀌어 주격보어가 된다.

• I saw a bird fly.

• We heard the school bell ring.

  = The school bell was heard to ring (by us).

• I saw him enter the room.

2) 지각 동사 + 목적어 + 목적격보어 (현재분사) : 진행의 의미가 강하다.

• You may see tall building rising high up in the sky.

• I saw several boys playing handball.

• We saw a dog running after a cat.

• I saw an old man crossing the street.

 

2. 사역동사

1) make, have, let, help, bid 등

사역 동사 + 목적어 + 목적격보어 (원형 부정사).

사역동사가 수동일 때는 to부정사로 주격보어가 된다.

• I made him write a letter of apology.

  = He was made to write a letter of apology by him.

• He let Betty use his dictionary.

  = Betty was allowed to use his dictionary by him.

• I will have him do it.

• He made me pay the money.

  = I was made to pay the money by him.

• It helps you (to) understand him better.

• Let me introduce myself to you.

 

2) get, allow, order, cause, compel, force, oblige + 목적어 + to부정사

- 위에 열거한 동사는 사역의 의미는 갖고 있지만 사역 동사는 아니다

• The rain made the river rise.

  = The rain caused the river to rise.

  

3. 관용구 + 원형 부정사.

• had better(best) + 동사 원형 (부정: had better not)

  You had better stay in bed.

  = It would be better for you to stay in bed.

• cannot but + 동사원형 (cannot help ∼ ing)

• I cannot but laugh.

  = I cannot choose but laugh. (cannot choose but + 원형동사)

  = I cannot help  laughing. (cannot help  + ∼ing) : 이때 help = avoid의 의미

  = I cannot keep from laughing.(cannot keep from + ∼ing)

  = I have no choice but to laugh.

  = I have no alternative but laugh.

  = Nothing remains but to laugh.

  = There is nothing for it but to laugh.

  = How can I help laughing?

• do nothing but + 동사원형. (She does nothing but cry.)

• would rather

• would sooner A than B  (A, B가 동사원형)

• had rather

• have to = must

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